Analysis Of Film Production Of The Merchant Of Venice

Film Review Michael Radford s 2004 film production of The Merchant of Venice provides a well-executed and generally faithful rendition of Shakespeare s play. Radford s production especially succeeds in both its casting and set design that elevates the mood and drama contained in Shakespeare s text. In addition to the filming, particular attention was taken to following the original text, but some interesting in liberties in plot details were taken. Radford’s production serves as an exemplar of film adaptions of Shakespeare’s play; it takes the challenge of adapting the text to the screen with excellent casting, bold filming, and well imagined sets. Jeremy Irons as Antonio, the merchant, gives a convincing mix of optimism converted to pessimism as he prepares for his death in the court. Perhaps the best casting, Al Pacino plays an excellent Shylock that initially invokes the movie watcher’s empathy then turns quickly into an enraged, psychopathic persona reminiscent to his ch aracters in Scarface or Godfather. Particularly, Pacino shows off his talent in the famous ‘Hath not a Jew eyes’ monologue where Pacino takes us through a full emotional range of compassion, sympathy, to scorching rage. Similarly, Radford uses this scene to show off his directorial chops: the scene uses a ‘follow shot’ in which the camera follows Pacino’s character as he crosses the dark Venetian streets, through a brothel to find Antonio’s comrades, and back into the streets where the heart of hisShow MoreRelatedMacbeth9435 Words   |  38 Pages------------------------------------------------- Macbeth From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about Shakespeare s play. For other uses, see  Macbeth (disambiguation). A poster for a  c.  1884 American production ofMacbeth, starring Thomas W. Keene. Depicted, counter clockwise from top-left, are: Macbeth and Banquo meet the  witches; just after the murder ofDuncan; Banquo s ghost; Macbeth duels Macduff; and Macbeth. Macbeth  is a play written by  William Shakespeare. It is consideredRead MorePorn and Censorship15240 Words   |  61 Pagessexually explicit material that is wholly or primarily designed to produce sexual arousal (i.e., whose only or overriding aim is to produce sexual arousal) and material whose aim is to do this in order to make some other artistic or political point. The film, Last Tango in Paris arguably aims to arouse audiences, but this is not its primary aim. It does so in order to make a broader political point. It is sometimes assumed that pornography, in this second sense, is published and consumed by a small andRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pages INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the Marketing functions, American Marketing Association (AMA) defines marketing as â€Å"Marketing consists of those activities involved in the flow of goods and services from the point of production to the point of consumption. The AMA has since amended its definition to read as: â€Å"Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationshipsRead MoreBanking Concepts and Practices39548 Words   |  159 Pagesand Rome. EUROPE: Many European countries established public banks either for facilitating commerce or to serve the government. Begun as an office for transfer of public debt, The Bank of Venice [1157] is the most ancient bank. The Bank of Amsterdam was established in 1609 to meet the needs of the merchants of the city. It accepted all kinds of specie deposits to be withdrawn or transferred to another account later using a certificate valid for six months. These written orders in the course ofRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pages The revised or newly added â€Å"Integrative Cases† positioned at the end of each main part of the text were created exclusively for this edition and provide opportunities for reading and analysis outside of class. Review questions provided for each case are intended to facilitate lively and productive written analysis or in-class discussion. Our â€Å"Brief Integrative Cases† typically explore a specific situation or challenge facing an individual or team. Our longer and more detailed â€Å"In-Depth Integrative

Essay about The Art of Tattoos - 1110 Words

Tattooing has changed and grown rigorously over the past couple centuries. The practice of tattooing is an ancient one dating back to about 4000 B.C. and is worldwide in its distribution (Roenigk 179). Tattooing has grown to now be considered a mainstream activity and is no longer confined to prison populations, sailors, and gang members. Tattooed bodies now include adolescents, career women, and college students (Millner 425). Throughout all these years, tattoos have been used as protection against danger, as love charms, to restore youth, to ensure good health and long life, to accomplish fertility, to bring about the death to an enemy, to cure an illness, to insure a happy afterlife, and even to acquire supernatural power. Although†¦show more content†¦If getting a tattoo by an amateur, with which you may or may not be aware, they often use objects such as pens, pencils, knives, needles, or straight pins and inject substances such as India ink, carbon, charcoal, or mascar a (Millner 426). To achieve various colors you must use certain pigments or even a mixture of pigments. Some pigments would include: Carbon, Cinnabar, Cadmium selenide, Sienna, Cobaltous aluminate, Chromic oxide, Chromium sesquioxide, Cadmium sulfide, Ochre, Iron oxide, Manganese, and Titanium dioxide. Although puncturing the skin is usually painful, preoperative sedation by heavy alcohol intake helps to mask the pain (Roenigk 180). Fading occurs in some tattoos, but other designs may persist for life. Bacteria living on needles, and other instruments used for tattooing, and the risk of infections can lead to multiple health risks. Some reported medical complications of body art include bleeding, tissue trauma and scarring, bacterial infections, tetanus, viral infections, and in some cases even oral and dental injuries (Mayers 29). Multiple health risks associated with non-sterile tattooing practices include the blood-borne infectious diseases of HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis D, and h epatitis C (Millner 426). Syphilis is a widely known infection that can be acquired directly from the tattooing needle. Primary syphilis may appear in a tattoo in the form of a chancre, a painless ulceration most commonly formed during the primaryShow MoreRelatedAre Tattoos, Art?678 Words   |  3 PagesThere are many forms of art in today’s society, all ranging in a wide variety of intricacy and complexity. From performing arts, there is also interpretive arts and the classic hand molding and paint brush wielding type of art. Most art is easily distinguished, but there’s another form that has been bubbling to the surface for quite some time now and that art form is tattooing. Though many disagree that this is an actual art form, most often times, people determine tattooing as a â€Å"rite of passageRead MoreTattoos and Body Piercings as and Art Form992 Words   |  4 PagesAshley Beth Logan Manuscript Speech D. Webb Speech 106 Tattoos and Body Piercings Good e vening. I would like to start by asking how many of you have a tattoo or piercing other than your ears. Did you know that in most work environments, you are usually not even considered for employment if you’re tattoo or piercing is visible during the interview? I am one of the many people who believe tattoos and body piercings are a form of self expression. However, there are still that few out there whoRead MoreThe Overlooked Art : Tattoos A Social Issue1931 Words   |  8 Pages The Overlooked Art: Tattoos a Social Issue When you think of social issues there are many that come to mind ,but there is one that though it effects many is overlooked. That issue is the acceptance of tattoos into our main stream culture. Tattoos actually have a very long history in our culture but in the past, was concentrated in small out of the way pockets of society like the military and criminals. This has slowly started to change and tattoos have started to make their way into the commonplaceRead MoreTaking a Look at the Tattoo Culture786 Words   |  3 Pagesuntil recent time’s people adorned themselves with tattoos as a symbol of self-expression. However they are now most commonly used in mainstream culture as a means of self-decoration. Today’s generation of youth are experiencing a positive relation to tattoo culture. As they are in the middle of an increasingly â€Å"tattoo friendly† and â€Å"tattoo flooded† society. The aesthetic value of tattoos has exponentially increased as they b ecome a more legitimate art form and are accepted as fashion accessories. WithRead MoreTattoos and Society Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pagespresent themselves to the world. Tattoos have been predominantly linked with a rebellious attitude and pictured on out of control stereotypes such as rock starts, bikers, sailors, and disobedient teenagers who want nothing more than to hack off their parents. With a new coming of age generation and a step into a more lenient and liberal society these types of patrons still participate in body art but so do doctors, lawyers, or just the run of the mill house mom. Tattoos signify religious beliefs, culturalRead MoreTattoos And Body Of Tattoos Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesTattoos and body pierced has been in our society for many years. Back then when tattoos was not a thing, many culture and religion used to inked their skin. In 1920s tattoos was common on prisoner, sailor, bikers, and that is why a huge part of of the population does not accep t tattoos. Now, these days the art of tattoos is increasing, making a lot of money every year. These days people are getting more and more tattoos, making themselves addicted to it. Body art is used by people to express theirRead MoreThe View of Tattoos in Our Society Today Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe View of Tattoos 1 The View of Tattoos in Our Society Today Melissa Oliphant Axia College of University of Phoenix The View of Tattoos 2 â€Å"People who drink, do drugs, have been jailed or do not believe in religion are more likely to be tattooed. â€Å" , said Mom. Is there any truthRead MoreExpressing Identity Through Tattoos and Piercings Essay786 Words   |  4 PagesExpressing Identity through Tattoos and Piercings The rising popularity of tattoos and body piercing is more than just the latest fashion craze. This type of body art has been a part of this world for thousands of years. Tattoos and piercings have served as amulets, status symbols, declarations of love, signs of religious beliefs, adornments and even forms of punishment (Smithsonian.com). In the later years (1940 – 2000) tattoos and piercings were more common among teenagers and young adults, butRead MoreTattoos : Culture And Culture1485 Words   |  6 Pagesof every culture and the American culture is no different. One of the aspects of American culture is the tattoo. Tattoos have been around for centuries, they are also part of other cultures and appeal to a broad variety of people. Tattoos became part of American culture through cultural diffusion, which is where one culture shares its culture with another through direct contact. Recently tattoos have re-assimilated into American culture and society by first being associ ated with deviant behavior andRead MoreTattoos in the Workplace Essay916 Words   |  4 PagesTattoos in the Workplace Christina Responsive-Final Draft April 4, 2013 There is always a lot of controversy when it comes to tattoos. Most people instantly have an opinion of them; they are either for or against tattoos. What is not realized is the fact that there is a ton of time and effort put into the sketching and placement of a tattoo. People tattoo themselves as a way of self-expression and liberation. Unfortunately, in the business world, most executives do not believe there is such

Gene Therapy And Human Genetic Engineering - 1646 Words

â€Å"Although we are all members of a single species, we differ from one another in such visible traits as the color of our skin and the shape of our noses, and in biochemical factors such as our blood types and our susceptibility to certain diseases† (Sheridan College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, 2013, p. 34). To understand human physical development and evolution one has to understand biological anthropology as the focus on humans as biological organisms. Biological anthropologist conduct research, and form techniques of modern molecular biology to learn about human variation and how it relates to different environment humans lived in as well as their conditions. Genetics is the study of heredity and variation in living organisms. biological Anthropology looks at how biological traits from one generation to the next get passed along. The article describes gene therapy and human genetic engineering as an evolution indicating that by allowing tools such as gene therapy we underestimate the amount of influence it may have on our species. The gene therapy has helped human species develop and understand more about viruses and and certain diseases that have developed and evolved throughout evolution. Genetics also helps understand what humans have in common and what distinctive from other species. â€Å"Biological adaptations is the process in which humans, as both individuals and groups, develop biological characteristics that relate to environmental conditions†Show MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering : Designer Babies1687 Words   |  7 PagesBackground History Genetic engineering is the modification of the genes to be able to change the characteristics of the person. â€Å"Designer babies† is when the parents choose the genetic information of the child, while in embryo. The genetic engineering will occur hand in hand with in vitro fertilization. For â€Å"designer babies† to actually be created, the parents need a donor with the genes the parents want inserted in their child. Whereas, genetic therapy is the changing of the person’s genes after they haveRead MoreThe Benefits of Genetic Engineering Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesanother controversy broke out, do humans have the right to make life? Most of the concern comes from the fear of control over the production and development of human beings. But, those who are against cloning would most likely look the other way if they needed gene therapy after receiving a grim diagnosis. There are many aspects of genetic engineering and to thoroughly understand it looking int o each is absolutely necessary. In order to understand genetic engineering, the key terms in this controversyRead MoreGenetic Engineering Research Paper1341 Words   |  6 Pagesto mix and match characteristics among unrelated creatures by moving genes from one creature to another. This is called â€Å"genetic engineering.† Genetic Engineering is prematurely applied to food production. There are estimates that food output must increase by 60 percent over the next 25 years to keep up with demand. Thus, the result of scientist genetically altering plants for more consumption. The two most common methods for gene transfer are biological and electromechanical. â€Å"Early experiments allRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Technology, Equipment, And Experimentation Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual. This process is known as genetic engineering. The aim of genetic engineering is to add new genes that have not been found in the individual. This could involve changing a base pa ir A-T or C-G in the DNA. In order to do this, scientists need to alter an existing gene in an organism s genome to make it express at a higher level. The genome is the full set of DNA, including all of the genes that the organism originally has. Each genome contains genetic information needed in order to createRead MoreGenetic Engineering : A New Technology1311 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic Engineering Genetic engineering is a new technology that is not utilized to its full potential. Often called modern biotechnology, genetic engineering can bring humanity into a better medical and agricultural age. Genetic engineering is an important scientific breakthrough because by altering DNA, scientists can improve food, create organs for transplant, and prevent certain diseases and birth defects. The field of genetic engineering has developed very quickly due to the greater understandingRead More Genetic Engineering: Our Key to a Better World Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pages What is genetic engineering one might ask and why is there so much moral controversy surrounding the topic? Genetic engineering as defined by Pete Moore, is the name given to a wide variety of techniques that have one thing in common: they all allow the biologist to take a gene from one cell and insert it into another (SS1). Such techniques included in genetic engineering (both good and bad) are, genetic screening both during the fetal stage and later in life, gene therapy, sex selectionRead MoreGene Therapy : An Experimental Stage1252 Words   |  6 Pagescliche seen throughout modern day society, new advancements of science might be proving otherwise. Gene therapy is a new technique that allows physicians to alter one’s genetic code, effectively treating and preventing disease. Though still in an experimental stage, gene therapy has been successful in treating a variety of diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The benefits of gene therapy are clear to the scientific community, while the limits to place on the practice are ambiguousRead MoreEssay about The Human Genome Project1274 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Genetic engineering is, at best, a debatable branch of science. For some, it is the wave of the future: a method for perfecting the human genome, discarding flaws from infants before they are born and ensuring they live longer, healthier lives. For others, it is an abomination: a method of circumventing what nature gave you, and wholly unnatural. Which one is right?† (Bird). Naturally, genetics is the scientific study of inherited variations in the DNA strand. This topic sparked curiosity amongRead MoreGenetic Engineering: Brave New World1012 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic engineering has been around for many years and is widely used all over the planet. Many people don’t realize that genetic engineering is part of their daily lives and diet. Today, almost 70 percent of processed foods from a grocery store were genetically engineered. Genetic engineering can be in plants, foods, animals, and even humans. Although debates about genetic engineering still exist, many people have accepted due to the health benefits of gene therapy. The lack of knowledge has alwaysRead MoreHow Genetic Engineering Should Not Be Researched For Ethical Reasons1452 Words   |  6 PagesJoshua Romo Mrs. Ford English 6 29 January 2015 Changing Genes Jim s mother stared into her son s eyes, grasping her husband s hand tightly as the doctor delivered the life-changing news. All the mother wanted was for Jim to be normal, but as the doctor explained the boy’s condition, she began to fear he may not be normal after all. The son was diagnosed with Sickle Cell Anemia, a genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells. Without treatment, Jim would have a high chance of dying

Poverty in Latin America - 805 Words

This paper will discuss the poverty in Latin America. Latin America has always been in poverty and although there have been some ups and downs, the poverty level remains great. First, we will discuss the region that is known as Latin America, the determining factors of poverty, the statistics and history of the poverty in Latin America and the future of the poverty in Latin America. Latin America refers to the areas of America in which the Spanish or Portuguese languages prevail. These areas include Mexico, most of Central and South America, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Brazil. Latin America can be subdivided into different regions, such as North America, South America, Central America and the Caribbean. (Wikipedia, Retrieved†¦show more content†¦Many programs are available to the public in order to help Latin America and the people thereof. I believe the people themselves and the entire dynamic of Latin America will need to change before the poverty levels change significantly. Donations and charities may help but they will only scratch the surface. The issues of Latin America are deep and need to be dug up and dealt with by the people of Latin America. In conclusion, we see that this is a current problem that is steadily being addressed and researched. Latin America needs help and resources in order to come out of poverty. They also must make changes within their own system so that the help can be well received and utilized to the fullest. . References Latin America. (2010, June 7). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 7, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin_Americaoldid=366711869 Poverty. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved June 7, 2010, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/poverty Poverty in the Developing World – Latin America and the Caribbean, (2010). Retrieved June 7, 2010, fromShow MoreRelatedPoverty in Latin America1502 Words   |  6 Pages Poverty, or the inability to afford basic human needs, is an issue that is spread worldwide. There are people everywhere who cannot afford shelter, food, healthcare, or education. It seems easy enough to ignore the bum asking for change on the street, but it becomes near impossible in regions where whole families are begging on the street. This rings true in Latin America and it is extremely frustrating to see social inequality this extreme. This essay will examine how much poverty exists inRead MoreHealth And Poverty Of Latin America1809 Words   |  8 Pages Maternal Health in Bolivia Stephanie Spencer Fall 2014 Health Poverty in Latin America Section 1E  Globally, maternal health is an issue that has not been given adequate attention in many regions. Many women across the world are unable to avoid many preventable health consequences of pregnancy, which are usually extreme enough to result in death. In the Latin American region, Bolivia has some of the worst maternal health care systems, due to the underdevelopment of healthcare practicesRead MoreImpact of Agricultural Trade liberalization on Poverty in Latin America1300 Words   |  6 Pagesliberalization on Poverty in Latin America Historically the agricultural sector has been an important sector for the economies of Latin America because of this the issue of global agricultural trade liberalization has been a hotly contested issue. Some suggest it may harm Latin American countries and increase poverty by opening up the sector to foreign competition from more technological advanced nations. Others have argued that it will increase economic competitiveness and reduce poverty by promotingRead MoreAmerica, Mexico, The Caribbean, And South America Make Up Latin America Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesCentral America, Mexico, the Caribbean, and South America make up Latin America. Approximately 640 million people reside in this region. Latin America is the largest foreign supplier of oil to the United States. It is the United States’ fastest growing trading partner, as well as its biggest supplier of illegal drugs. Latin America is also the largest source of U.S immigrants, both documented and not. The life expectancy for females is 72 years of age and the life expectancy for males is 79 yearsRead MoreEssay on The Impact of the Remittances in Latin America1400 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In Latin America migration and remittances have become structural features in the economy, the society, and in the political environment; due to the underdevelopment and inequality of the region. Because they relative importance, trends in migration and the impact of remittances in population of Latin America are the main topics that we will analyze in this research focusing on reduction of poverty and inequality. This research will aim to answer the next: Do remittances financeRead MoreThe Policy Instruments And The International Monetary Fund1373 Words   |  6 Pagesachieve; however, John Williamson in 1990 claimed that Washington based institutions such as the United States Government, think tanks, and the International Monetary Fund had formed a general consensus regarding economic development polices in Latin America (Williamson 1990). He outlined a framework and described ten policy instruments that policymakers agreed were necessary to aid developing countries. The ten reforms that he mentioned included: fiscal discipline, public expenditures focused on healthRead MoreEssay on U.S. Influence on Latin Culture989 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States intervention within the affairs of Latin American politics in the beginning of the twentieth century, and since the advent of a U.S. effort towards the modernization of Latin America, influences aimed at empowering communities and bringing a bout democratic movements among Latin American countries have been accompanied by various forms of exploitation and cultural decimation (Leonard, 1999). Efforts at modernization of Latin America have been carried out partly in opposition to theRead MoreArgumentative Essay - Education in Latin America848 Words   |  4 PagesFUTURE, A LATIN-AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE by Ana-Maria Gonzalez â€Å"Education leads to a brighter future.† Quite a clichà ©d phrase, actually. So popular, that people tend to forget the true significance of it. It is known that Latin America faces numerous problems that makes looking into the future a discouraging view; but we fail to realize the lack of education may be the root of these issues, including violence, unemployment and poverty. Even though education is widely available in Latin America, peopleRead MoreImmigration Of Latin Americans : Immigration Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pages Immigration of Latin Americans Immigration involves the movement of a group of people from one country to another where they do not possess citizenship. There are many reasons in which people may leave their country such as employment, lack of resources, family, fear due to violence, exile, the American dream. In 1965, Congress changed immigration law in ways that allowed much more intake from Asia and Latin America than earlier. Before 1965, the intake was mostly from Europe. Since then, overRead MoreWb, Idb And The International Development Association1279 Words   |  6 PagesWB, IDB and CDBs contribution to education in the Region Through loans, innovative financial solutions, policy advice and technical assistance, the World Bank supports a broad range of programmes aimed at reducing poverty and improving living standards in the developing world. Working through the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association, the Bank uses its financial resources, skilled staff, and extensive knowledge base to help developing

Development in the World of Business Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Development in the World of Business. Answer: Introduction Over the bygone years there has been a great amount of development in the world of business. It is noted that with a growth and modernization of companies, themanagement tend to outsource functions. Moreover, outsourcing is recognized as one the most crucial aspects that not only benefit start-ups, but also act as a helping hand to growing firms (Stanfield and Thompson, 2014, pp. 331-349). As compared to activities performed within an organization, the concept additionally provides several benefits. In addition to building up external relations with service providers, enterprises tend to enter into partnerships as well. With a growth of outsourcing in the corporate world, the feature is now recognized to be of strategic importance. Stanfield and Thompson (2014, pp. 331-349) also stated in their article that being a part of a company`s fundamentals, outsourcing also has certain requirements that needs to be fulfilled. However, outsourcing also tends to have several complications and i ssues that immensely affect the smooth functioning of a firm. This particular project focuses on the various advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing business functions. In order to understand the concept in a detailed manner several journals, articles, books and other secondary sources have been used. Further, the report along with comparing and contrasting the previously published materials, also tend to focus on filling up literature gaps. Project Objective The principal objectives for this project are the following: To learn about the various advantages of outsourcing business functions. To learn about the various disadvantages of outsourcing business functions. Project Scope The aspect of outsourcing in the modern world is a widespread aspect and hence needs a careful understanding for analysis. It is noted that various reviewed sources such as journals, books and articles have been utilized for this matter. Additionally, the project tends to have a real life approach as well. In addition to depending on published works, the report concentrates on highlight important subtopics, getting a detailed insight and thereby come to a proper conclusion. Literature Review Advantages of Outsourcing Business Functions As per Verma, Singh and Gupta (2013, p. 12), outsourcing functions in a business is of strategic importance. It is noted that the multi-dimensional aspect can be broken down into several individual parts. Further, benefits of the aspect can also be broken down into smaller categories depending upon the functions. Peck (2017, p. 173) summarizes the various pros of outsourcing into five parts: lowered production cost, tax evasion, relational rents, strategy oriented, and flexibility. On the other hand, the journal by Smogavec and Peljhan (2016, pp. 127-131), distinguishes the various benefits offered by the feature in the following manner: Expert Operations: It is with the help of experts that a company can achieve greater results. Outsourcing enables a firm to build up stronghold relationships with professionals of different field. In addition to a rise in capabilities, external service providers help firms with technical know-how and investments. Moreover, skill, competency, control and managerial efficiency also rise (Parlour, 2016, p. 89). With a planned and well coordinated outsourcing of function, enterprise become more competitive and gain stability. Cost Reduction: Unlike the work of Peck (2017, p. 173), the journal of Smogavec and Peljhan (2016, pp. 127-131) concentrates on a detailed discussion on this characteristic of outsourcing. It is noted that along with production expenses, there is downfall in operational costs. Apart from lowering working capital and unnecessary expenditure, outsourcing helps to develop tax efficiency of organizations. On the other hand, there is also a increase in employment andmanagement capacities along with cut-down of process investments. It is noted that, the feature also ensures lowering of overhead costs as well. With a downfall of spending by the administration, there is a consequent rise in savings. However, Cromie and Zott (2013, p. 183), compares internally and externally carried out functions. In contrast to interior functions, outsourcing not only costs less but also integrates specialization. Outsourcing posses the capability to bring down economical costs by 20% - 50% (Szymczak, 2013, p. 59). Concentration on Core Business: Among the various operations in a company, there also exist functions that are unimportant and cause loss in the long-run (Lacity and Willcocks, 2015, pp. 237-245). Outsourcing practices significantly helps themanagement of a firm to differentiate core activities from the non-core ones and thereby draw focus to it. For example, organizations often outsource accounting practices and concentrate on manufacturing goods, thereby advancing towards a developed strategy that along with building competitive advantage factors help to serve customers in a better way. As per Molinelli and Paccagnella (2013, pp. 87-98), it is momentous that outsourcing practice facilitates companies to concentrate on core processes, access specialized skills and enjoy economies of scale. Enhanced Innovation: The shift of focus from non-core practices to core processes greatly helps the management of a business to develop competitive advantage factors. Similarly based on the idea of Smogavec and Peljhan (2016, pp. 127-131), Oshri, Kotlarsky and Willcocks (2015, p. 89) in their book states that the outsourcing acts as a helping hand to reallocate resources from domestic activities to innovation. It is noted that the feature enhances creativity within the organizational structure that further leads to a rise of production and performance levels. Time Pressure Management: Every enterprise is confronted with an issue of managing time-sensitive functions (Szymczak, 2013, p. 59). It is noted that outsourcing helps the management to perform effectively and deliver results timely. On the other hand, Bowman (2016, pp. 215-231) takes into consideration the case of peak seasons when a firm has to deal with exclusive orders to enjoy an increased level of profit. It is the outsourcing functions breaks down pressure and ensures fulfilment of targets. Despite of a detailed analysis in the journal of Smogavec and Peljhan (2016, pp. 127-131), it fails to takes into consideration the case of the several other advantages of outsourcing functions in case of a small or newly start-up business. Based on the book of Hill (2015, p. 310), a few more benefits of the aspect can be identified as follows: Risk Sharing: A standout amongst the most essential factors in any venture is risk assessment and investigation. It is by outsourcing procedures on to specialists that a firm profits from their increased knowledge and mitigate potential dangers. Geographical Dispersion: The rise of digital technology has enabled companies to outsource activities over these mediums. In addition to lower costs and timely delivery of the services, firms are able to operate on holidays as well (Mol and Brewster, 2014, pp. 20-34). Simplifies Project Management: It is noted that the use of online channels and social mediums for professional work is common in the modern world. The outsourcing of processes using specialized websites enables a simplified management of the activity. Simplifies Work Relationship: Outsourcing of business functions tends to build up contractual bonds between an organization and service providers. Bowman (2016, pp. 215-231) contradicted that the presence of informal relationship between employees leads a rise in production levels. However, it is only with the downfall of unofficial bonding and rise of professional that acts a helping hand to any firm. Disadvantages of Outsourcing Business Functions In the words of Garrigos-Simon, Gil-Pechua?n and Estelles-Miguel (2015, p. 274), like any other feature in an organization, outsourcing also has its own set of disadvantages that limits its success in the corporate world. On the contrary, Vitasek, Ledyard and Manrodt (2013, p. 518) states that it is only with the use of calculated metrics in the process of outsourcing functions that will not only help to evade complications, but also shall ensure a smooth flow of operations. Mol and Brewster (2014, pp. 20-34) in their work identify five major drawback of the concept: hollowing out, transaction costs, opportunistic behaviour, reduced learning and creativity. It is noted that unlike Smogavec and Peljhan (2016, pp. 127-131), factors like innovation, expanded scopes, and operation costs are recognized as major cons of outsourcing by Hill (2015, p. 310). On the other hand, the various disadvantages identified by Mosca and Bordelon (2017, pp. 81-132) after a detailed investigation into the field are as follows: Failure of Internal Expertise: An increased outsourcing of functions tends to escape training and development of employees in a firm. Further, an interactive environment would also lead to downfall of motivation among the workers which leads to degraded performance levels. However, Peck (2017, p. 173) suggests that outsourcing of human resource functions such as recruitment, training, performance management, compensation, mentoring, coaching, corporate reallocation and employee communication would help to build up internal expertise. Degraded Management Control: Outsourcing activities directly leads to the loss of managerial control on the processes and its outcomes. Moreover, an excess of dependability on external service providers might also result in confinement to definite operational arrangements. Similarly Jefferson (2013, p. 398) also believes that, outsourcing functions contributes towards breaking down administrative control and limits development of a competitive edge. With a diminished rule on delivery of activities, a company`s liability exposure seem to increase. Succession Planning Risk: Based on the work of Vitasek, Ledyard and Manrodt (2013, p. 518) it can be said that outsourcing may result in varied and low quality results. In addition to affecting future plans of a firm, external functions might not be a long term source of competitive advantage. Further, service providers who have no knowledge of a company`s objectives will act as a liability. It is the adequate balance between the motives of a firm and targets of outsourcing that lead to effective outputs. Proprietary Data Risk: It is noted that rise of confidentiality concerns are one of the most important factor that affects outsourcing. Moreover, outsourcing also act as a threat to intellectual capital thereby affecting the management`s decision to approach external service providers. However, in conflict to Mosca and Bordelon (2017, pp. 81-132), the published material of Peck (2017, p. 173) states that the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing tends to balance each other. On the contrary, Jefferson (2013, p. 398) recognizes several other limitations of outsourcing business functions, which are as follows: Existence of Hidden Costs: As compared to internally performed activities, outsourcing is likely to be cheaper. Conversely, there exists various hidden cost in the process that severely affects its smooth operation. The complicated contracts between organizations and big service providers often include various unexpected costs that are harmful for any SME (Stanfield and Thompson, 2014, pp. 331-349) Share Financial Trouble: Even though inviting expert agencies for performing internal activities tend to cut down risks, it often leads to a dangerous situation by bonding the two financially. It is noted that service providers do not intend to take part in any loss of a firm. Public Backlash: As opined by Verma, Singh and Gupta (2013, p. 12) people with a moral belief regarding externalisation of activities do not prefer firms that involve in such affairs. However, there is no such mention in the work of Mosca and Bordelon (2017, pp. 81-132). Loss of Information: Among the several problems, the transfer of lengthy data governing complex processes is a hard task. It is prominent that the exchange of information to overseas freelancers or external agencies results in a loss of data, thereby creating confusion. Conclusion Based on the above project it can be inferred that the notion of outsourcing business function has been a topic of debate for business professionals in the bygone years. However, with the modernization of the business world, the aspect has gained importance. It is noted that like every other aspect in a company, outsourcing also tends to have its individual benefits and drawbacks. Additionally, there has also been a growth of service provider agencies that particularly focus on operating in this particular field. As compared to internally carried out activities, outsourcing processes provides a firm with several exclusive advantages. On the other hand, the presence of complications and challenges not only affect emprises, but also greatly impact the aspect. However, it can be understood that it is only with building up of effective plans, coordinating objectives, and expanding control that would minimize negatives of outsourcing. Furthermore, as compared to the drawbacks of the conce pt, the numerous advantages tend to be of greater significance that plays a major role in leading and guiding business organizations towards success. References Bowman, A. (2016).What a waste: Outsourcing and how it goes wrong. Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 215-231. Cromie, J. and Zott, L. M. (2013).Outsourcing. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, p. 183. Garrigos-Simon, F. J., Gil-Pechua?n, I., and Estelles-Miguel, S. (2015).Advances in crowdsourcing. Cham: Springer, p. 274. Hill, C. W. L. (2015).International business: Competing in the global marketplace. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Education, p. 310. Jefferson, A. (2013).Business process outsourcing: 23 most asked questions : what you need to know. Brisbane, Australia: Emereo,p. 398. Lacity, M. C., and Willcocks, L. (2015).Nine keys to world-class business process outsourcing. London: Bloomsbury, pp. 237-245. Lacity, M. C., and Willcocks, L. P. (2013).Outsourcing business processes for innovation. Cambridge, MA : MIT Sloan Management Review, pp. 28-46. Mol, M.J. and Brewster, C., (2014). The outsourcing strategy of local and multinational firms: a supply base perspective.Global Strategy Journal,4(1), pp. 20-34.Bottom of Form Molinelli, F. E., and Paccagnella, L. S. (2013).Economics of regulation and outsourcing. New York: Nova Science Publishers, pp. 87-98. Mosca, J.B. and Bordelon, G.R., (2017). Human Resource Managers Detect Management and Legal Disadvantages to Outsourcing.Business, Management and Economics Research,3(2), pp. 81-132.Bottom of Form Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J., and Willcocks, L. P. (2015).The Handbook of Global Outsourcing and Offshoring: The Definitive Guide to Strategy and Operations. New York: Springer, p. 89. Parlour, D. (2016).Successful outsourcing and multi-sourcing. London: Routledge, p. 89. Peck, J. (2017).Offshore: Exploring the worlds of global outsourcing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 173. Smogavec, T., and Peljhan, D. (2016). Satisfaction with outsourcing: Empirical analysis on the case of SMEs.Corporate Governance, pp. 127-131. Stanfield, K., and Thompson, S. (2014). Outsourcing.Biall Handbook of Legal Information Management. Farnham : Ashgate, pp.331-349. Szymczak, M. (2013).Managing towards supply chain maturity: Business process outsourcing and offshoring. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York, NY : Palgrave Macmillan,Bottom of Form p. 59. Verma, S. B., Singh, S. K., and Gupta, S. K. (2013).Business process outsourcing. New Delhi: Shree Publishers Distributors, p. 12.Bottom of FormTop of Form Vitasek, K., Ledyard, M., and Manrodt, K. B. (2013).Vested outsourcing: Five rules that will transform outsourcing. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 518.

Nursing Case Study Patients Treatment

Question: Describe the Nursing Case Study for Patients Treatment. Answer: Section 1: Clinical decision making and care provision The decisions taken by the nurses have immense implications on the patient outcomes. They take an active participation in the clinical decision in healthcare system regarding the patients treatment. It is the process of gathering and evaluating the information to make decisions regarding patient care (Barry Edgman-Levitan, 2012). It includes the various cognitive processes, skills, and the freedom to make decisions, education, knowledge, communication, monitoring and accountability to make the best clinical judgment for the patient (Hoffman, Aitken Duffield, 2009). If the patient related safety problems are solved, then there would be fewer chances of errors made in healthcare industry. The nurses have a duty to report for the findings and take necessary clinical decisions. The clinical decision-making by nurses involves the knowledge, evidence-based practice to critically appraise and scientifically prove to ensure quality patient safety and care (Cranley et al., 2009). The clinical decision-making also includes the education and technological resources, nursing practice and training. In order to provide the best quality of care and safety to the patients, a nurse needs to clinically think, judge and act accordingly to the situation. The use and implementation of scientific knowledge is important in the critical decision making process (Simmons, 2010). The implementation of current knowledge by nurses to ensure patient safety and care is crucial in decision-making process (Lake, Moss Duke, 2009). Apart from knowledge and evidence-based practice, the communication skills are also important. The communication skills focus on delivering and receiving information to the patient and their family members and information about the risks and benefits about different prognostic or intervention processes (Parker et al., 2009). The active listening towards the patients and their families to ensure the patient centered safety and care. The decision-making process also involves the patients and their family in decision-making process (Mullan Kothe, 2010). The monitoring and reporting by the nurses have a great impact on the clinical decision making for the patients safety. There was no proper monitoring by the Hospital at Night team and he was not escalated as a patient of concern in emergency treatment. The improper documentation would give lack of data for comparative study and treatment of the patient. The documentation and reporting helps to generate awareness about the situation of the patients and to raise flag in case of emergency. It also accounts for the safe decision-mak ing and reduce the chances of errors in the decision making process. The practice of safe-decision making includes integration of scientific knowledge, experiences to anticipate the situations that are likely to happen in the future. In the Inquest into the death of SM, there was failure of documentation and reporting of the patient. There was lack of documentation and reporting of the low oxygen saturation levels in SM. There was no reporting of the continual and unrestricted use of oxygen in the patient. The monitoring of the patient to look for any abnormal findings and well documentation and reporting is required to provide the patient care and safety. The correct monitoring would help to prevent medication errors and rate of death in hospitals (Mitchell et al., 2010). There was no review or assessment of the low oxygen saturation levels and hypoxia throughout his admission except for only one occasion. There was no proper documentation of the scores on the Q-Adult Deterioration Detection System (Q-ADDS). There was failure in the addition of the s cores on the early warning observation form. There was incorrect scoring of the patient and so SM was never escalated as a patient of concern. There was improper documentation in the scoring of the early warning observation form and when SM was escalated as a patient of concern, it was not well documented. On 2nd July, scores of two were not documented properly and seven was added correctly. SM also scored 4-6 around thirteen times in the 24 hours, and the root cause analysis team reported that the case required the higher levels of action including the involvement of the consultants. To provide the patients with the quality ensured care and safety, proper reporting about the findings to avoid errors in ensuring quality care. For the proper reporting, monitoring and documentation is important about every physical parameters of the patient (Jones, King Wilson, 2009). On 3rd July, SM flagged four on two occasions but he was not recorded on the Q-Adult Deterioration Detection System. As a result, the Hospital at Night (HAN) did not escalate SM. There was no medical documentation of SM for the persistent low oxygen saturation levels. The accountability and responsibility also accounts for patients safety and care provision. Nurses are responsible for ensuring safety of the patient and are held accountable for the actions. The failure of the reporting nursing staff to investigate the persistent low oxygen saturation levels showed the lack of responsibility by the nurses that might have escalated SM for emergency treatment. Nurses are held answerable for their actions and responsible in performing their duties. The proper reporting about a patients condition is important for the appropriate treatment (Kelly Ahern, 2009). The Hospital at Night reviewed SM and flagged as an outlier during his admission. However, SM received the appropriate prophylaxis for the venous thromboembolism (VTE). He also received the proper treatment for the VTE by the surgical team. The findings of the chest X-ray showed a collapsed area in the lung that explained SM high oxygen demand and his persistent low oxygen saturation levels. There was no analysis of the blood gas to check for the possible cause of his low oxygen saturation levels. Moreover, SM did not receive the chemical prophylaxis as the first dose but that was not considered as the contributing factor for his death. The nursing staff reported the patients requirement for oxygen but did not raise any flag for his abnormal oxygen saturation levels. The incidence reporting is important to know what actually happened in a case and helps in legal documentation and fulfilling of formalities (Kirwan, Matthews Scott, 2013). There was also reduced mobility that accounted for the SM venous thromboembolism (VTE) after his surgery but there was no assessment regarding his restricted mobility. Despite of his continuous hypoxia, tachycardia and high oxygen demand, there was no raised flags and considered him as a patient for emergency treatment. There was failure to complete the early warning observation form despite of the recording of his scores. There was also failure of the treating team to identify the deterioration in the SM condition. They did not made an emergency call after the reporting of the nursing staff that SM is on oxygen demand for last six days. The Australian government has established many policies and processes to increase the proper reporting of the event, assure quality mechanisms and open disclosure in the adverse events in patient care and safety. Section 2: Tort of Negligence The tort of negligence in nursing is failure to act and take appropriate steps to avoid or prevent the loss or injury to the patient (Huang McLean, 2010). A nurse is capable of caring for the patient but does not care for and as a result, the patient has to suffer unnecessarily. The malpractice and professional negligence by the nurses and the hospital staff that cause emotional and physical damage to the patients (Mair, 2014). The hospital staff, physicians, nurses and healthcare professionals involved in the medical malpractice. The nurses neglect the patients generally face the tort of negligence. The tort of negligence is applied to the nurses who are negligent towards ensuring patient care and that have posed a threat to the life of the patient. The nurses were negligent in the case of SM. They would have been more careful and less negligent regarding the reporting and documentation of his condition. The negligence was also seen regarding the continuous low oxygen saturation le vels of SM. The negligence in nurses to record, document and report to the concerned authority could cause breach of duty. The quality of patient care is hampered and the patient could file a lawsuit against that particular nurse (Staunton Chiarella, 2012). The wrong recording of the scores was also under the tort of negligence. The persistent low oxygen levels in the patient were continuous but the nursing staff and the Hospital at Night was negligent and did not escalate him as a patient for emergency treatment. They were not bothered to investigate and find out the possible outcome of the low oxygen saturation levels in the patient. The reduced mobility in the patient was a matter of great concern but the medical staff was negligent in reporting and raising flag for the emergency treatment. The further reduction in mobility after the surgery should have been a matter of concern and triggered for the assessment but the treatment team was not concerned about the issue. The claim o f negligence contains the negligence arising due to the duty and care by the doctor owed towards the patient, breach of duty by the nurse and a direct implication of the negligence that harm a patient causing him injury or loss (HEATON, 2014). The continuous hypoxia, tachycardia and low oxygen saturation levels demanded immediate investigation and questioning and the arterial blood gas analysis but the medical team was negligent and did not concern to look into the matter. The nursing staff documented and reported the significant periods of hypoxia and low oxygen saturation levels but the medical team did not raise any flag or concern and took immediate steps to make the situation under control. The tort of negligence includes the poor documentation, proper reporting and monitoring of the patients condition that would increase the duration of stay (Atkins, De Lacey Britton, 2014). The X-ray of the chest showed a collapsed area in the lung that explained SM high oxygen demand and hi s persistent low oxygen saturation levels but the medical team was negligent about this major finding. There was no one person who was responsible for the death of SM, the medical team, the nursing staff, the Hospital at Night team and the surgical team were negligent and careless towards SM. Section 3: Ethical Issues In patient centered care, there are many ethical issues in nursing practice. The clinical decision-making involves guidelines for ethics that are intended to provide patient centered care. The nurses have to follow the professional ethics guidelines that are necessary to provide the best quality of care to the patients. The patient has the right to control his or her life and the nurses have to make decisions according to the circumstances. The act of beneficence and non-malfeasance also accounts for the ethics in nursing practice. These ethics are quoted to provide patient care, respect human dignity and to work in collaboration to provide the best quality and high standard care by the healthcare system. The act of beneficence and malfeasance is aimed at providing the best care with an aim to work for the welfare of the patient and cause minimum harm (Yeo et al., 2010). The code of ethics in Australia aimed to identify the standard ethics and principles in nursing practice and to in corporate them in their nursing practice. The code of ethics also guides the nurses to make decisions that are ethically correct and implement them in their nursing practice. The ethical values also safeguard the rights of the patients and ethical values for the nurses (Johnstone, 2015). The surgical team ignored the reduced mobility in SM post-operative. The patient required the immediate treatment for the persistent low levels of oxygen saturation but they ignored the condition and did not raise any flag for the emergency. It was unethical and unfair on the part of the nurses that they did not report or document his hypoxia, tachycardia and persistent low oxygen levels. The ethical code of conduct also demonstrates that the justice is ensured for every patient providing the patient the right to refuse or accept treatment (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2013). The nursing team did not add and document the scores on the early warning assessment warnings. They also raised flags but the medica l team did not bother to look into this matter and act accordingly. The SM care was ethical at some stances but was unethical under the breach of duty, tort of negligence and dereliction of duty. The patients capability in decision-making along with the refusal to treatment and the involvement of the patients family in the decision-making constitutes the respect for autonomy (Izumi et al., 2012). The nurses reported about the persistent low levels of oxygen in SM but in several situations were negligent about his continuous demand for oxygen. Despite of the raised flag, SM was not documented under the Q-ADDS form as a patient of emergency rather he was treated as an outlier from the time of his admission. The nursing staff did not respect the act of autonomy in case of the patient in providing and meeting the requirements of the patient. 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